Decompression and Drop-Table Adjusting: A New and Effective Pairing
TECHNIQUE
Jay Kennedy
Over the years, various attributes have been added to decompression systems—some for anatomical advantage and others for comfort and convenience. Either way, decompression systems have become a staple in many chiropractic clinics as well as innumerable hospitals and therapy centers. When patients have been preclassified as having a compression component to their back troubles, decompression/traction therapy makes both intuitive and empirical sense. Anatomically, physiologically, and clinically, axial decompression works to de-stress compressed structures in the short term. In the long term, it often triggers a physiologic improvement to disc healing. It appeals decompression activates fluid and nutrient imbibition and may stimulate collagen fiber cross-binding, reducing the strain on the outer, innervated annulus. Though this remains somewhat theoretical, it is a very workable and understandable mechanism of action, and one used in most public advertising and marketing information.
So the basic action of decompression is both anatomical (recumbent posture and spinal distraction) and physiological (nutrient exchange and cellular activity). We recognize there are still aspects to back conditions that may require other stimulus to promote optimum recovery and healing. Chiropractic has recognized this for a hundred years by utilizing high-intensity, low-amplitude thrust adjustments to the spine. Manual P-A and rotational maneuvers were originally all that were available, but as time and ingenuity progressed, toggle adjustments, instrument adjustments, and drop-table adjustments all took a place in chiropractic. Though these are all different, they all share the premise that a “thrust” accomplishes something a “stretch” may not or cannot. Assisted adjustment techniques also aie often safer, more comfortable, and easier on the doctor than manipulation in some cases.
We have spent decades researching decompression, both as a patient classification phenomena and also from an equipment/ table attribute viewpoint. After months of clinical trials, we recognized that a new attribute to our decompression table could be extremely beneficial: a center-section drop piece. This midsection, pelvic support cushion aligns at its superior margin with the pelvic brim and with the ischial tuberosity at its lower margin. This makes for a perfect placement to add a drop section. The ideal drop is engineered to be of short-amplitude, very crisp, and, we believe, vertical, not hinged at the inferior margin. The vertical lift enhances joint stimulation and comfort, and it allows the patient to be placed in either direction on the table and still be adjusted effectively. Over the past several years, we’ve suggested “inversion adjusting” as a treatment option for certain patients when using a table that allows a declination—most often patients are inverted/declined prone with manipulation and/or instrument adjustment or massage administered as needed. Modest inversion typically is well tolerated yet affords spinal distraction and muscular quiescence to facilitate the adjustment and mechanoreceptor repatterning.1 We find that pelvic-drop adjusting while inverted has additional benefits as well.
^Frustratingly, the validity and reliability of leg checks, relation to pelvic torsion (and corrective measures) are by no stretch scientifically finalized propositions. J Ï
With a center-section pelvic drop, we can now address SI joint fixation/asymmetries as well as the common PI/AS (counter-nutation-fixation often theorized to be determined via a short-to-long leg check)2 without having to move the patient to another table. Additionally, “dropping the pelvis” can modify or reconfigure lumbar kinematics as well since the pelvis is the base of support and the muscular insertion/origin of many lumbar muscles, not to mention that it is also rich in mechanoreceptors.3 In his book Malalignment Syndrome, Wolf Schamberger, MD, discusses innominate rotations as well as the pelvic “up-slip” and the problem of pelvic asymmetry on function of the lumbar spine.4
Frastratingly, the validity and reliability of leg checks, relation to pelvic torsion (and corrective measures) aie by no stretch scientifically finalized propositions. The traditional, well-worn interpretation that the PI is on the side of the short leg has also been brought into question through literature reviews. Cooperstein and Lew in the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (Sep 2009) concluded, “The innominate rotates anterior on the side of the shorter leg and posterior on the side of the longer leg... This finding is contrary to the common assertion the LLI is on the side of the posterior rotation.” However, a clearer picture of pelvic torsion/malalignment can and does present itself in many cases through awareness of these variables and through multiple examination findings. Having an adjustment strategy for these cases is obviously an important aspect to patient care.
^Research consistently suggests SI joint conditions (perhaps fixation unilaterally) are causative in up to 15% of back conditions and perhaps as many as 70% of postsurgical fusion failures.
For years, many have suggested the use of wedge blocks (modified SOT blocks) when adjusting using a drop piece to preliminarily pre-stress the pelvis to its minor-configuration, to facilitate the thnist, and improve patient comfort. The blocks can be inserted unilaterally at the side opposite ASIS and the pain-side femoral-head (reversing the PI/AS), as well as bilaterally at the ASIS to create a uniform posterior pelvic tilt with thnist at the ischial tuberosity.5
There are obviously many practical applications for the use of a pelvic drop with more chronic decompression patients who demonstrate pelvic alignment and dysfunctional conditions (which may be the majority). However, a drop-section adjustment can help trigger a postural realignment in some acute discblock (non-neurological) presentations (i.e., a patient “stuck” in flexion can be “minor-imaged” in extension and drop-adjusted to help rapidly restore extension posture). Utilizing a strain/ counter-strain or muscle energy technique (MET) along with decompression and drop-adjusting can be productive in many conditions—all quickly done on one table. With the use of an open-modality belt, a 10-minute decompression session can now become a decompression, laser, drop-adjustment, and manual-treatment encounter without impairing office flow or moving the patient off the table.
Research consistently suggests SI joint conditions (perhaps fixation unilaterally) aie causative in up to 15% of back conditions and perhaps as many as 70% of postsurgical fusion failures.6 Axial traction cannot “get at” the SI joint in any appreciable way, however the combination of axial distraction (decompression) on the lumbar spine and the addition of a pelvic-drop may be very beneficial in many such conditions. There has been some reasonable consistency over the past decade as to the reliability of SI “diagnosis”.7 If four of the five SI joint provocative tests aie negative, there is a 70% chance against SI involvement. On the other hand, four of five showing a positive finding give an odds ratio of 70% for SI involvement.7 Recently, some studies have suggested that of the five pertinent tests, the iliac side-compression and thigh thrust have the greatest relevance.8 So the SI joint’s involvement directly or as an attendant feature can be deduced with a fair-to-good prevalence, and if found, may be partly addressed with a droppiece adjustment after decompression has addressed the lumbar component. The relevance of addressing both components is an important clinical consideration since an absolute diagnosis of the contribution of each is unknowable until after treatment “proves” it (i.e., patient improves, however even then we are often still left to wonder).
It’s estimated that more than 70% of chiropractors utilize a drop piece on at least some of their patients. Having a decompression table with a drop section affords many treatment and patient-flow benefits. Most of us recognize many of our busytime blockages aie a result of having to move patients back and forth between tables and rooms. If it appears a drop-piece adjustment would facilitate the patient post-decompression, then moving the patient now can be eliminated in many cases.
Reference:
1. Distraction of lumbar vertebra in gravitational traction. Tekeogula, I et al. Spine May 1998.
2. Derefield leg-check (referenced in Pierce technique manual 1985). Modern manual therapy. Grieves, G. Churchill Livingstone 6th ed. 1986p. 765-767.
3. Malalignment Syndrome. Schamberger, W. Churchill Livingstone 2002. p. 184-186.
4. Ibid. p. 191 & the relationship between pelvic torsion and anatomical leg length inequality: a review of the literature. J Chiro Med. Sep. 2009.
5. Low Back Pain. Cox, J. Chapter 5: the sacroiliac joint. Lippincott, William & Wilkins 6th ed. 1998. p.229.
6. Degeneration of SIjoints after instrumented lumbar or LS fusion (a perspective cohort study over 5 year follow-up). Kee-Young, H et al. Spine (33); 2008.
7. Biomechanics of back pain. Adams, Bogduk, Burton, Dolan. Churchill Livingstone 2nd ed. 2006. pl45-147.
8. Diagnosis of SIjoint pain: validity of individual provocative tests. Laslett, Metal. Man therapy Aug. 2003.
Dr. Jay Kennedy has developed, tested and taught an effective, easy to learn decompression therapy technique. His protocols have been taught to over 4,500 chiropractors and physical therapists. In over 20 years of practice, he has owned and operated most of the decompression therapy equipment offered by a range of manufacturers. This has afforded him the position of having done 100’s of cross-comparison treatments with these units. He believes that it is imperative to “put the doctor into Decompression Therapy.
